AC And DC Surge Protection
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There are differences in the flow of electricity that is
used to power equipment in various applications. Because of these differences,
there is a need to create surge protection devices that function to stop the
eventual power surge that can take place within either “alternating current”
AC, or “direct current” DC waveforms. The primary difference in AC vs DC is
that an AC type of current “alternates,” and travels as a wave while the
waveform of the DC is more linear. AC is a pulse of energy instead of a continual
and direct stream. The AC pulse creates a waveform and ultimately means that
the level of electricity increases and regularly decreases as it travels. AC
power also flows in two different directions. It can reverse itself, meaning
that the types of surge protection devices (SPD) used to control this current
type must be able to recognize and detect the safe and natural flow types and
the levels outside of the normal range.
The entire purpose of surge protection devices is to prevent
electrical flow outside of a safe range from ever encountering components
connected to the power supply. Sensitive devices can be damaged immediately if
the levels of electricity become more than they can tolerate. Because of this a
purpose-built surge protection device must be used that can clamp the voltage
to with in levels that the equipment can tolerate. The wave-like motion of the
AC electrical current allows the current to travel for greater distances
without degradation, so it is preferable for most types of applications.
“Direct current” or DC is used in applications using batteries or fuel cells,
where the components are attached to a nearby power source. While DC can be
used for devices that need a tremendous amount of electricity, that flow is
reduced as it moves further from the source.
Because these electrical waveforms have specific uses,
specific purpose-built surge protection devices must be deployed to manage the
power flow to the connected equipment safely. In DC flow, there will be a
constant level of electricity moving in a single direction from when the draw
happens until it is shut off. Because DC power delivers such a consistent
voltage, it is the type of power required for most electronics. In fact, most
electronics have DC power sources that convert AC power from the outlets to DC
power through a rectifier before it reaches the equipment. In addition, power
supplies often have both rectifiers and transformers that can raise or lower
the voltage to the appropriate level. Protecting DC power requires specific SPD
designs, behaviors, and electrical installation knowledge. Advancements in the
designs and development of DC surge protectors have made them more able to
prevent damage to electronic equipment. AC and DC power flows are unique and
used in different circumstances, generally determined by the amount of power
necessary to power a component and the distance from that energy source. The
specialized protection devices designed for each help to reduce damage and save
budgets.
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